tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37329560188840637022024-02-20T10:07:16.786-08:00Written TextsSainshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00656086922242865228noreply@blogger.comBlogger6125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3732956018884063702.post-4267282578812164092012-12-10T06:24:00.001-08:002012-12-10T06:24:41.292-08:00YoUrself<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://eng.cilacapedu.com/2012/10/26/disciplined-yourself-to-succeed-in-your-life/" title="Permanent Link to Disciplined Yourself to Succeed in Your Life"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Disciplined
Yourself to Succeed in Your Life</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
You simply don’t want to waste your time. Your
time is too valuable to be wasted in trivial matter. You want to make the most
of your time by achieving your greatest goals. Yet, to make the most of your
time, you need to begin disciplining your way to success. Discipline is
ultimate principle that you must apply immediately to begin changing your life.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
You need to see how to make the most of your time
by doing your very best in lucrative project. You need to adopt effective work
ethic. You need to do a reality check about yourself and do whatever necessary
to succeed in your life. You need to adopt great work ethics that help you to
be successful in what you are doing.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Don’t let yourself to be defeated by your
situation. Begin to create your future today. Create the habits of succeeding,
the habits of getting high value jobs done, the habits of continually making
progress. You are in charge of your life. You don’t blame others for any
problems that you are facing. You are taking responsibilities by doing those
things that must be done.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Don’t put yourself into blame game. Blaming won’t
give you any constructive solutions to any problems that you are facing. Face
your problems courageously. Accept the facts that you have problems. Solve
those problems and grow up. Blaming others and your unwanted situation will
only make the matter getting worse. You will be dis-empowered by blaming
others. Be in charge of your life by taking responsibilities.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
It is by taking responsibilities about your life
that you can begin to grow. You are in charge of yourself and your future. You
accept the facts that you need to do something to get from where you right now
to where you want to go.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Copyright: Martin W. All Right Reserved.</div>
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<br /></div>
Sainshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00656086922242865228noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3732956018884063702.post-18301065352697625312012-12-06T10:13:00.001-08:002012-12-06T10:13:50.179-08:00Tutorial Class of English<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Name<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Edy Nurcahyo</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Class<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: A</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tutorial Class of English with Mr. Jiff</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Last
week, I went to the campus. I had sat the most in front row of chairs. It the
moment is learned of speaking English with chapter about differentiation
between simple past, present perfect and simple present of sentences.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Some
minute after I was sat in the classroom came my lecture, He is Mr. Kurniawan,
He came with his friend who from Dutch. His friend is Mr. Jiff. Mr. Kurniawan
gave to us a lessons with explained the details about it. Some people from us
only gave to him any question, so in my class happened discussion.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">I
necessary review in order to remember;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">At
first, Mr. Kurniawan wrote three sentences in the white board, that is:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">I got My
breakfast at 7.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">I have got My
breakfast at 7.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">I get My
breakfast at 7.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Afterwards,
he gave to all students, His question is; “what different is it?”. Many of us
that answered, except me. I only quiet because I felt difficult to gave
statement, but I understand. I will be explaining again:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Example
of number one:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">“I
got My breakfast at 7”</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">This
sentence is form simple past tense. The simple past tense indicates that an
activity or situation began and ended at a particular time in the past.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Example
of number two:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">“I
have got My breakfast at 7”</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">This
sentence is form present perfect. The present perfect expresses the idea that
something happened (or never happened) before now, at unspecified time in the
past.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">The
exact time it happened is not important. If there is a specific mention of
time, the simple past is used: <i>“I got My breakfast at 7”.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Example
of number three:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">“I
get My breakfast at 7”</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">This
sentence is form simple present.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">The simple
present is used to express habitual or every day activity, like is example
above.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">The simple
present says that something was true in the past, is true in the present, and
will be true in the future. It is used for general statements of fact, example
like is bellow: “The world is round”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">After
all student felt content with explaining, Mr. Kurniawan gave a moment to Mr. Jiff
to told about his business experience. He had a business that undertook by web
shop. He opened his gallery business that operated by internet system. The
gallery loaded some product like is picture, painting, etc.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">He
saw the gallery business from ex girl friend of his uncle then establishment at
2009. He has joined since 2010, the company has been selling product with manner
of on line. Mr. Jiff could get<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>profit
2600 from total turnover 4000.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Work
manner from system web shop is used Google analytics. Google could worked
manner practice, that could is:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">How many
viewers</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">How old time
used in open web</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">From they come
from</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">How many new
guest</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Customers
could did payment with manner:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Transfer via
bank</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Via courier</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cash</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dutch payment
system IDEAL</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Sainshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00656086922242865228noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3732956018884063702.post-25179101628776385352012-07-12T19:05:00.001-07:002012-07-12T19:07:11.056-07:00JOB INTERVIEW<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:donotpromoteqf/> <w:lidthemeother>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:lidthemeasian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:lidthemecomplexscript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:splitpgbreakandparamark/> <w:dontvertaligncellwithsp/> <w:dontbreakconstrainedforcedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> <w:word11kerningpairs/> 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mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">People will always have problems as long as they live. One problem is solved; the other problem will come approaching. University students think that what the most important thing to accomplish is how they can finish their boring class activities as soon as possible. Some of them then are interested to get some good jobs in line with their majorities, while some other are possible interested to make post graduate program before working. Whatever their interests are, looking for good jobs will always become something that they will never ignore.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">There are at least three kinds of orientation anyone to get a job after graduation; (1) experience, (2) money and (3) satisfaction. For anyone who is a fresh graduate, it is recommended to be experience oriented. This means that the most important thing in looking for a job is getting the job itself for working experience. The amount of money is less important. For them, experience is the most important capital for further earning in working.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">For anyone who has god a particular working experience can have second orientation. They can be money oriented. At this phase, they don’t need working experience any more. They begin to feel that money is very important for them. Money is very powerful for any living purposes. They cannot get married without having money; they cannot get anything they want in this life without money. They tend to be materialistic. It is rational and logical therefore it is acceptable. A woman is more interested to a man who has a lot of money than the one who is poor. Therefore, it is suggested for a man to have a lot of money.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Foe anyone who has god enough working experience, enough money from working, then they need to move their orientation. They need to be satisfaction oriented. For them, working is not merely for money. They can get the money from any angles of living. For them, money has come to them automatically. Therefore, they never hesitate to leave the jobs from the companies if they don’t feel satisfied in working there. Below is an example of curriculum vitae, application letter, and in the job interview. </p>Sainshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00656086922242865228noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3732956018884063702.post-76248446691206071572012-07-10T23:15:00.003-07:002012-07-10T23:20:08.107-07:00Writing an Article: A simple Article of the student’s related field<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:donotpromoteqf/> <w:lidthemeother>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:lidthemeasian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:lidthemecomplexscript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> 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mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Comic Sans MS";} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">SNAPSHOT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Writing an article is similar to exposing arguments. Therefore, writing an article is similar to writing an exposition type of text. It is started with the formulation of a thesis in the mind of the writer. This thesis is then wrapped in an introduction as the starting point or the theme of the text. This introduction is then followed by an exposition of your arguments which are supported by some related literatures or quotations. The article is then closed with a reiteration; a kind of a statement which has the function is to judge that what is stated in your thesis is justified or acceptable.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Writing an article is different from summarizing or compiling. It is about exposing your arguments, to defend a thesis you have made before the arguments, which are written in scientific ways. It means that it is not only your expose your arguments as you like, but the arguments are also to be justified or supported by some facts or thoughts made by some experts or the related fields. Therefore, quotations are very important in writing an article. If you only write everything because you fell that you know or have the knowledge about a matter, it means that you are only informing or telling something to people. Writing an article is not directing, not imposing something so that other people will follow you. Writing an article is about defending a thesis about something that you have made by exposing your arguments, which are supported by some facts and some experts’ saying or findings.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">EXPLORATION</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Before writing is started, an observation to identify a problem is necessary. A problem can be about everything. You are recommended to identify a problem related to your majority; psychology, technical engineering, laws, education, economy and business, health, etc. Then, analyze the problem and make a thesis. If only you are interested in the learning of English, then you can make thesis about learning English after you identify a problem. Remember, a thesis is a controversial statement about something. If you make a statement and you are sure that there are a number of people who will not agree with you, it means that it is a good thesis.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Example:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">If only you are interested in English learning, you can make a thesis after you see the daily activities of learning English by students and lecturers in the classrooms. You may write a thesis as follows.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">“Whatever the media and speaking materials to be used in the classroom, since the class is too large, consisting of 40 students, the result of the learning will be a nonsense.”</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">After you make a thesis, then keep it in mind. Now, you begin to prepare to make an introduction. Before you make it, you have to be familiar with the rhetorical structure of an article. It is very simple. It is like when you make an exposition text. The simplest rhetorical structure is; introduction ^exposition^ justification ^ reference.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Element</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">What to do</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Title</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:70.9pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Write a title in the form of noun phrase</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:70.9pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">It must look specific, interesting, and beneficial</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Example:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Learning to speak for students in a large class</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Introduction</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">It contains at least there paragraphs with different communicative purpose:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">1</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">st </span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS""><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>: It contains a description or an exposition of general terms related to the title, from which the thesis will be formulated. It should be direct, don’t go too far away from the point included in the title.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Take the key words from the title; (1) learning (English), (2) Speak (speaking skill), (3) large class (a classroom with too many students in it)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-fareast-font-family:"Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Comic Sans MS""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">a.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Don’t start your writing by discussing the function of language, the status of English in Indonesia, etc. This discussion goes too far from the point</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-fareast-font-family:"Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Comic Sans MS""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">b.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Start your writing by the direct discussion of learning English as something important for university students.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-fareast-font-family:"Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Comic Sans MS""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">c.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Then, continue the discussion to the language skills, and speaking is as the one most important for them to acquire.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:70.9pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">2</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">nd<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS""><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>: It contains more specific points. Narrow the discussion into more specific points. Discuss the Speaking skill only as one of the most important skills for students. Provide enough arguments for this, and then expose the problems that are commonly found the teaching leaning process.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-fareast-font-family:"Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Comic Sans MS""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">a.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Pint out that learning to speak is not easy.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-fareast-font-family:"Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Comic Sans MS""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">b.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Point out that there are some factors that influence the success in acquiring the skill (speaking skill)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">3</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">rd </span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS""><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>: It contains a thesis. Based on the analysis you have exposed in the preceding paragraphs, make a thesis, or a statement about a crucial point to do.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Exposition</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">This section contains your opinions and arguments, which is supported by some quotations (expert’s sayings or findings). The most practical rhetoric for this section is as follows:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Start to write anything that you know about the topic, about everything related to the title or thesis you have made in the introductions, then</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Write your own opinions or arguments based on what you written above, and</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Support your opinions or arguments by one or two quotations (some experts’ sayings or finding.)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">The rhetoric can be inverted as follows;</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Start to write anything that you know about the topic, about everything related to the title or thesis you have made in the introduction, then</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Support your descriptions by one or two quotations (some experts’ sayings or finding.)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Writing your own opinions or arguments based on what you written above.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Example:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Based on the key words from the title, or thesis, you begin your writing by discussing;</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">English</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Based on your knowledge, you start writing by telling everything about English, the learning of English, etc. , then write your own opinions or arguments in relation to what you have just written and support your opinions or arguments with one or two quotations (the expert’s sayings or findings).</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">speaking<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Do the same thing for this key word. Based on your knowledge, tell everything about language skills and speaking is one of the most important language skills. Then, write your opinions about the language skills or speaking skill as far as you get the knowledge about it. Then, support your opinions or arguments with one or two quotations.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Class, or classroom management</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Do this in the same way. Based on your knowledge, start writing by telling everything a classroom management. Bring up your opinions or arguments and then support them with one or two quotations.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Justification</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">This is closing of the paper. It contains a brief conclusion. It is the section in which you have to extract the main point from the discussion that you make in the exposition section and then you make a convincing statement.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">The main function of this section is to justify that what you have stated in the thesis, “Whatever the media and speaking materials to be used in the classroom, since the class is too large, consisting of 40 students, the result of the learning will be nonsense” is really justified, acceptable rationally, and it is not a nonsense.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Reference</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">It is a list of recourses from which you include some citations or quotations. These resources can be some books, journals articles, and you can also take some of the resources from the internet.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">LINGISTIC REALIZATION</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Starting point is very important in writing. It is the first step that you take from which you can make an effective shoot, or gentle leap for father destination. In writing article, a problem identification become the starting point or the signpost from which a title or thesis can be made. This starting point in modern grammar is called ‘theme’, and the further development that follows the theme is called ‘rheme’.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Before writing an article, you have to identify a problem, and then make a gentle leap from the problem to formulate a title. It is very common to revise the title again and as your writing is in progress. After the title is made, an introduction is to be made. This introduction becomes the starting point or the signpost from which the whole text is to be developed.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-fareast-font-family:"Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Comic Sans MS""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Theme – Rheme</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">One of the most crucial problems in learning English by many university students is how to develop a sentence. They often find it difficult to write a sentence after a sentence. They often find the death-end so that they don’t know what to write further. Their ideas sometimes stop and go nowhere.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">To, help them escape, they should be familiar with the concept of ‘theme’ and ‘rheme’. As mentioned previously, theme is the signpost and rheme is the development that follows the signpost. The firs part of a sentence is the theme, so it can be <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">the subject</b> of the sentence or some adverb phrases or <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">adverb clauses</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">“English is one the most important foreign language to learn by all university all university students. Although it is considered to be one of the most difficult subjects, they have to be good at it. Without having a good acquisition in English, they will not be able to access broader knowledge and information of the world.”</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">The text above consist of there sentences only. Each sentence has one ‘theme’, and each ‘theme’ needs further description or development as in the ‘rheme’. The themes are underlined, while the rest part of the sentence is the rheme.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo5"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">English (theme)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Is one the most important foreign language to learn by all university student. (rheme)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Rationally, after you write down ‘English’ (as the theme), what do you want to say about it? (as the rheme).</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Then you write:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Is one the most important foreign language to learn by all university students.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo5"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Although it is considered to be one of the most difficult subject, (theme)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Rationally, after you write down ‘Although it is considered to be one of the most difficult subjects, ‘ (as the theme), what do you want to say about it? (as the rheme).</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Then you write:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">They have to be good at it.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo5"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Without having a good acquisition in English, (theme) they will not be able to access broader knowledge and information of the world. (rheme)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Rationally, after you write down ‘Without having a good acquisition in English’ (as the theme), what do you want to say about it? (as the rheme)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Then you write:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">They will not be to access broader knowledge and information of the world.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">From this, then you can understand that the most important point when realizing your ideas to flow in some sentences is by determining the theme as the starting point first. After you get the first theme, the next theme can be made based on the information in the rheme of the previous theme.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">English is one the most important foreign language to learn by all university students.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Although it is considered to be one of the most difficult subjects they have to be good at it.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Without having a good acquisition in English, they will not be able to access broader knowledge and information of the world.”</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">The ‘theme’ of a sentence can be used as the theme of the other sentences that follow.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Without having a good acquisition in English, they will not be able to access broader knowledge and information of the world.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS""><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>To have a good acquisition in English is really important for each of university students</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Speaking acquisition is considered to be the most important target to realize in the study of English in the university level.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-fareast-font-family:"Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Comic Sans MS""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Coherence</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">The concept of coherence is the closely related to the concept of theme-rheme. It is about how the ideas have to from one sentence to be continued with another sentence that follows in a paragraph. How the ideas have to follow from one paragraph to be continued with other paragraph in a whole text.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">The concept of theme-rheme can be used to help realize a coherent text. Coherent text is constructed by having the interconnected sentences in a text, of which the ideas run very well from one sentence into the other sentence that follows. Understanding the concept of theme-rheme and the knowledge abut transition signals are very helpful. Some conjunctions are very useful to help interconnect among the sentences in a paragraph, while some conjunctive phrases are useful to interconnect among the paragraphs. The use of both conjunctions and conjunctive phrases are optional; it doesn’t mean that each paragraph is to be opened with them. You may use them when necessary only.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Examples:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Some conjunctions to interconnect among the sentences</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo5"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">First, second, third, etc.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo5"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Therefore,</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo5"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">However,</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo5"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">On the other hand,</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo5"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">As a result</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo5"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">In addition</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo5"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">In contrast</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo5"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Moreover</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo5"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Furthermore</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Example:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Conjunctive phrases to interconnect among paragraphs;</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo6"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Based on the fact that. .<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo6"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">According to. . .</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo6"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">In conclusion. . .</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo6"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">It is taken for granted that . . .</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo6"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Based on what has been stated previously,<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>. . .</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">The key point about coherence is that there is interconnection among the sentences and among the paragraphs, so that the ideas or information flow smoothly and without any sudden.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-fareast-font-family:"Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Comic Sans MS""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">3.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Quotation</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">There is very simple way of how to write a quotation. I suggest using indirect quotation. There some ways that you can use;</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Using ‘according to….. ‘</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Using ‘in line with what is said by..’</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Using (name of author, year, page)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Example #1:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo7"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">According to Weissberg and Buker (1990: 20), introduction of the research report serves as an orientation for readers of the report, giving them the perspective they need to understand the detailed information coming in later sections.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo7"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">In line with what has been stated by Weissberg and Buker (1990: 20), introduction of the research report serves as an orientation for readers of the report, giving them the perspective they need to understand the detailed information coming in later sections.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo7"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Introduction of the research report serves as an orientation for readers of the report, giving them the perspective they need to understand the detailed infoemation coming in later sections (Weissberg and Buker, 1990: 20)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Example #2:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo8"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">According to Eggins (1994:2) it is said that the general function of language is a semantic one, and people negotiate texts in order to make meanings with each other.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo8"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">In line with what has been said by Eggins (1994; 2), in each type of using the language as a means of communication, people negotiate texts in order to make meanings with each other.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo8"><span style="font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">In each type of using the language as a means of communication, people negotiate text in order to make meanings with each other (Eggins, 1994: 2)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">One important thing to remember is that as you use indirect quotation, you can paraphrase what an author has said. It doesn’t have to write it absolutely in the same words, phrases or sentence as what is said by the author.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-fareast-font-family:"Comic Sans MS"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Comic Sans MS""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">4.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Reference</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">This is the list of the resources of the citations or quotations. In an academic writing, you have to mention all the resources you have used to support your opinions or arguments. The rhetorical structure is: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Name of Author ^ Year of Publication ^ Title of the book ^ Place of Publication ^ Name of the Publisher.</i></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Example:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Weissberg, R. and S. Buker. 1990. Writing Up Research. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:49.65pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Eggins, S. 1994. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. London: Pinter Publisher.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">WRITING PRACTICE</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">As the starting point to write, let’s look around you. In line with your majority (economic, psychology, health, education, law, engineering, geography, etc), please identify a problem. Whatever the problem that you can identify, use it as the theme or the signpost or the starting point to make a thesis. Keep writing the thesis in the form of a raw draft. Use the thesis to make a raw title of the article that you want to write.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">Before writing begins, you must be sure that you have collected enough information and recourses that you will use as the references. If it is about Law Practice, then you must have enough books about law that discuss the related topics as the one that you mean in the thesis, as well as in the title. If it is about economy, then you have to get enough book that discuss the similar terms as you mention in the title or thesis of your article.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"">If you have been ready, now fill the table bellow. Writer it briefly according to the rhetorical structure of an article as it has been discussed earlier. Don’t think too much about how many pages. Two or three pages are alright.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:49.65pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS""><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p>Sainshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00656086922242865228noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3732956018884063702.post-81072066333980539312012-07-08T18:44:00.003-07:002012-07-08T19:06:17.051-07:00Writing Proposal: A Proposal for a training or a Short Course<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:donotpromoteqf/> <w:lidthemeother>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:lidthemeasian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:lidthemecomplexscript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:compatibility> 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{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri (Vietnamese)","sans-serif";} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">SNAPSHOT</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Writing a proposal of a specific project, how simple the project might be, has been a familiar job for each university student. Each university student has a great job of making a simple research project before graduation. This chapter, however, will not discuss how to make a proposal for a research project. This chapter is only meant to guide the students to make a proposal of school or campus activity of any types. The main point is that each student has the ability to write ideas wrapped in particular rhetorical structure, so that it will be effective and understandable.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>A proposal is a representation of an idea to pursue, which is wrapped in a particular rhetorical structure, and has a rational wish to be granted. To expect that the proposal is granted, it needs to be written effectively, based a specific rhetorical structure of the following things before it is finally written down: (1) you have thought about the project, (2) you have gathered enough information.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">EXPLORATION</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">First thing you have to do before writing a proposal is looking around the environment and try to gather information as much as possible to finally identity a problem. Then, a problem is to be formulated and stated in a question.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Problems identification </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:45.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Most student cannot speak English fluently</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:45.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Most students cannot write effectively</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:45.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Some student don’t come to some classes</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:45.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Some students don’t pay the tuition on time</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Based on the problem above, you can formulate a question. To answer the question, you need to do a particular activity that needs time and energy. To begin the writing, formulate a title for the proposal. Remember, the title can be changed as the proposal writing is in progress. Don’t hesitate to write a title, and edit it again and again. The following is the rhetorical structure of the proposal:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Title</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Two important things to remember while writing a title of the project to propose:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:45.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:4.5pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Write the title in the form of a noun phrase</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:45.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;text-indent:4.5pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>It must be specific, denoting the register (who, what, where) of the project to accomplish (you may rewrite the title again and again, until you get the most appropriate one)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Background</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">You need to write your argument in at least three main paragraphs:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Start writing from the very general field, from which the project is related</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Narrow the ideas into more specific points</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Make thesis, or statement about a crucial point to do.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Problem statement</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Related to the thesis or statement about the crucial point to do, you need to restate the problem in more specific way, so that it is more rational, acceptable. It can be more than one problem to state.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Purpose</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">State the purpose of your project; why you need to carry out that project.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Review of related literature</b> (this element is especially needed when you are writing a research proposal, or an article)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Write several important points related to your title, thesis, and statement of the problems about everything that you know, that generally accepted, that are supported by some quotations (what some experts have said responsibly)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Budget</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Include the prospective expenses that are needed to pay for the project to accomplish</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Schedule</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Include the schedule of the project to be accomplish</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">LINGUISTIC REALIZATION</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">To help realize the clarity in the information or arguments you have to write in the background section, you need to be familiar with cohesive and coherent term in writing.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Briefly, it can be said that cohesive text means that there is a harmonized relation among the several parts (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">noun, noun phrase, verb, adverb phrase, clause</i>) in each of the sentences throughput the text. This harmony can be realized though the appropriate use of pronoun, through the appropriate agreement between subject and predicate, the use of conjunction, and the use of elliptical construction. In other words, when you remember ‘concord’ you will understand cohesion.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Coherent text means that there is a harmony in the flow of thought from one sentence into the other sentence that follows, which is developed into paragraph and into another paragraph that fallows. If you can see that there is a relation between one sentence and the order sentence that follows, it means that the two sentences are coherent. To realize this, the use of some conjunctions such as therefore, accordingly, however, as a matter of fact, generally, based on, etc., is very common and very useful.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">The predicate are bold-typed.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>There <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">are</b> many high school graduates who <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">cannot go</b> to university because of some economic reason. Their parents <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">don’t have</b> enough money to send them to any higher education. One of the negative sides from this parents’ disability<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"> is</b> that some high school graduates <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">are involved</b> in rather liberal friendship that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">lead</b> them to some crimes. Therefore, the government <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">has</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">recently</b> taken some actions to anticipate this reality.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">In the text above, there are only four sentences, but there are more than four clauses. Remember, one clause is always with one predicate. Therefore, there are seven clauses.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>There <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">are</b> many high school graduates</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Who</i> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">cannot go</b> to university because of some economic reasons.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Their parents <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">don’t have</b> enough money to send them to any higher educations.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>One of the negative sides from this parents’ disability <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">is</b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">That</i> some high school graduates <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">are involved</b> in rather liberal friendship</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">That</i> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">lead</b> them to some crimes</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Therefore, the government <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">has recently taken</b> some actions to anticipate this reality.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">You can see the cohesive term from the text above in the following forms;</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Are <span style="font-family:Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-char-type:symbol; mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings"><span style="mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings">à</span></span>many</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Many <span style="font-family:Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-char-type:symbol; mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings"><span style="mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings">à</span></span>high school graduates</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>High school graduates <span style="font-family: Wingdings;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings">à</span></span>them</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>One of… <span style="font-family:Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-char-type:symbol; mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings"><span style="mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings">à</span></span>side</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Disability <span style="font-family:Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-char-type:symbol; mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings"><span style="mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings">à</span></span>is</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Some <span style="font-family:Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-char-type:symbol; mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings"><span style="mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings">à</span></span>high school graduates </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>High school graduates <span style="font-family: Wingdings;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings">à</span></span>are involved</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Friendships <span style="font-family:Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-char-type:symbol; mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings"><span style="mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings">à</span></span>lead</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>The government <span style="font-family:Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-char-type:symbol; mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings"><span style="mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings">à</span></span>has recently taken</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Because of <span style="font-family:Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-char-type:symbol; mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings"><span style="mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings">à</span></span> some economic reasons = because they have some economic reasons.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>(high school graduates) who cannot go to university because of some economic reasons.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">You can finally judge the text above is coherent enough. This is because there is a fixed relation between one sentence and the other sentence that follows. Therefore the flow of thought is clear enough. To mark whether a text is coherent enough or not is by testing how far you understand the content or the writer’s purpose. If you get confused about what the writer really wants from the text, it means that the text is coherent enough. There is interdependence among the sentence in the text. The sentence, “Therefore, the government has recently taken some actions to anticipate this reality,” cannot exist by itself. It is very dependent to the preceding sentences.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Therefore <span style="font-family:Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-char-type:symbol; mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings"><span style="mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings">à</span></span>to mark that there is a cause and effect relation.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>The sentence, “Their parents don’t have enough money to send them to any higher educations” will not clear enough to understand before another sentence comes first; “There are many high school graduates who cannot go to university because of some economic reasons.”</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">WRITING PRACTICE</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">In this chapter, you are supposed to think smart above one important thing to accomplish. You are supposed to write a proposal for a project to accomplish based on your observation in the environment. Think that you need a sum of money for the project to be successful. The most important point of the project to accomplish is that it must be important, useful and you don’t have enough money to accomplish the project. Therefore, the purpose of writing the project is that you get the money from a specific party or sponsor or donator, by proposing your critical thinking of a problem to solve in a specific rhetoric, so that it is rational, and acceptable, and the ending of the project is really useful.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Writing a title for a project to accomplish</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify">Before writing a title, you must have an idea. This idea comes up as result of an observation to your environment from which you find a problem. In your classroom environment, you observe the way of students learning English. From the observation you find that they have a problem, and you indentify that the main problem they have is speaking.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify">Example</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify">Problem<span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>: speaking</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify">Detail:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify">You observe that that in speaking, most students often make mistakes in the use of grammar. They seem to be afraid of saying things therefore they speak very slowly. You also find that they speak like Javanese teacher who is teaching to students. Their English doesn’t sound with a sound with a native accent. It sounds <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Javanese, Solonese or Sumatranese</i>, etc. Therefore, you have an idea to conduct ‘a short’ course in English.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify">Example:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify">You draft for the title could be as follows:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify">Short Course in Speaking for the students of Economic Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Write a background for the project to accomplish</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify">From the title you can see the key words; (1) short course, (2) speaking, (3) student, (4) economic faculty and (5) Muhammadiyah University. From these key words, then you give the level of priority to be used as the starting point for you to write. You can take ‘students’ and ‘speaking’. See the relations among them;</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Students need English</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Students need speaking</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Speaking needs a short course</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Speaking ability is important for economic students</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Muhammadiyah university needs to be good at English</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify">Then you can write the background by starting from the discussion of English:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:4.5pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>The important English for student</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:4.5pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Among the English skills, speaking is the most crucial skill for students to have</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:4.5pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>To be able to speak English, student need to understand how</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;text-indent:4.5pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>This expectation can be realized through the short course in English</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify">Answer these guiding questions:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Is English important for students? Why?</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>What is the most important English skill for students to have?</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>Do you think that students need to know the keys to speak easily?</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:49.5pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span>What do they need to legalize that expectation?</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify">You act a hero in this case. You know how to help them, therefore you make a proposal for a project. The project is then constructed by holding a short course for students is order that they will be helped acquire speaking skill in a more practical way</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> </p>Sainshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00656086922242865228noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3732956018884063702.post-91520478975339391702012-07-04T20:08:00.001-07:002012-07-04T20:16:29.130-07:00Introduction to Written Texts: Sentence Acquisition<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:donotpromoteqf/> <w:lidthemeother>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:lidthemeasian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:lidthemecomplexscript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:compatibility> 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{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri (Vietnamese)","sans-serif";}</style><![endif]--><a href="http://www.agoda.com/pacific_ocean_and_australia/australia/sydney.html?site_id=1524673"><img src="http://img.agoda.net/city/100x100/14370.jpg" border="0" /></a><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">SNAPSHOT</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">It is taken for granted thatwriting is an important language skill to acquire in the learning of a language,besides speaking. Before someone begins to write, he or she must understandwords, phrase, clause, and sentence. Then he or she must also understand howwords into phases, and then phrases work into clauses and then how clauses wordinto sentences.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Writing is a complicatedactivity. In addition to an understanding about words, phrases, clauses andsentence, and understanding about what a written text is also very importantfor ever everyone before starting to write. Sufficient knowledge about the essenceof a written text will hopefully guarantee the effective and efficient work ofwriting itself. An effective written text means that it is not only the text tobe written in grammatically correct sentence, cohesively and coherently, butalso it is to be written in rhetorically correct organization.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">When it is taken intoconsideration at a glance, a piece of written text includes the followingingredients;</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l12 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Theuse of words which are organized into phrases</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l12 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Theuse of phrases which are organized into clauses</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l12 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Theuse of clauses which are organized into compound and complex sentences</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l12 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Theuse of paragraphs as the organization of a number of related sentences.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">When it is seen from the deepersubstance, a piece of written text has the following properties;</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Communicativepurpose</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rhetorical structure (organization)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>LinguisticRealization</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">One of the most important thingsin writing to be remembered by anyone who would like to start writing is thatwriting is not merely about arranging word into phrases, phrases into clauses,and clauses into sentences then into paragraph, but writing is about how torealize a meaning, a message or information in a number of interconnectedsentence, in the appropriate rhetorical structure or a specific genre. If it isnot made according to an appropriate rhetorical structure of a specific genre,the product will not be effectively understandable, because the flow ofthoughts may not be very clear, and neither is the communicative purpose. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">EXPLORATION</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">As to write means to realizemeanings in a numbers of interrelated sentences, students have to understandthe following things.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Ingredients</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Words</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">Understanding the words in English means students haverecognized the class of words; (1) content words, which cover <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">noun, verb, adverb, adjective</i> and (2)functional words, which cover <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">preposition,conjunctions, articles, question words</i>, etc.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">The understanding about content and functional wordswill be meaningful if student understand the elements of sentences. As it hasbeen commonly recognized, the most popular elements of a sentence are subject,which takes the words of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">a noun</b>,predicate which takes the word of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">a verb</b>,and object which takes the word of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">anoun</b>. Therefore, a student will be able to realize a meaning simply if heor she has recognized <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">a subject</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">a</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">predicate</b>and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">an object</b> as the most importantelements of a sentence.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">Example:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">The following examples, the predicates are bold-typed.In the normal structure of sentence, the subject comes before the predicate,and then the object comes after the predicate.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">eat</b>breakfast</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">read</b>a newspaper</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">drink</b>coffee</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">don’t</b>smoke cigarettes</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">don’t</b>drink alcohol.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Very often apredicate takes the form of ‘be’ (is, am, are, was, were) or ‘auxiliary verb’(will, can, must, may, have to). Should the predicate take the form of ‘be’ or‘auxiliary’, it must be followed by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">anadjective, or an adjective phrase, an adverb or an adverb phrase</i>. It canalso be followed by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">a noun or a nounphrase</i> as the complement.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Example:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">The predicateis bold-typed.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>All students at my school <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">are</b> very diligent.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Some students<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> are</b> in the library now.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Some other students <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">must be</b> in the classrooms.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>R’Lian<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> is</b>one of the most diligent students at my school.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">The othercontent word is an adverb. An adverb can take several forms and functions. InEnglish, there are some adverbs that are used to show; time, place, manner,purpose, reason, etc. some adverbs take single word, such as;</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Yesterday,</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tomorrow,</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Recently,</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Usually,</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Always,</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Quickly, etc.,</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">And someadverbs take the forms of phrases, such as;</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>In the morning,</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>On the corner of the room,</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>On Castle Street,</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>At home,</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Before evening, </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>After 8:00 AM</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>At night,</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>In order to study</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>To study, etc.,</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">And some otherstake the forms of clauses, which means that the adverb has at least in it<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> a</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">subject</b>and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">predicate</b>, such as;</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Before I go to school,</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>After I ate breakfast,</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Because I really love her, etc.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">In a sentence,the function of an adverb is to enhance the clarity of the information that isconveyed in it. Adverb adds further information to the verb uses as thepredicate or to modify the whole parts of the sentence. In a sentence, the useof more than one kind of <u>adverb</u> is possible. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Example:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">The predicatesare bold-typed.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>I <u>usually</u> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">eat</b> breakfast <u>in the morning</u>.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>I <u>usually</u> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">eat</b> breakfast <u>in the morning before I go to school</u>.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>I <u>usually</u> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">eat</b> breakfast <u>with my parent early in the morning before I go toschool at 6:30</u> <u>AM</u>.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>I <u>just</u> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">read</b> a newspaper <u>if I need an information about cars for sale</u>.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>I <u>sometimes</u> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">drink</b> coffee <u>at the restaurant near office.</u></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">don’t</b><u>usually</u> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">smoke</b> cigarettes <u>becauseit ruins my health</u>. </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">Sometimes, the information to be conveyed in asentence is a little more complicated. Therefore, it must be conveyed in two ormore clauses which are combined together into one longer sentence. This ‘longersentence’ then can be a compound sentence, and it can also be a complexsentence. To obligatory element to be always present in each clause is the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">predicate</b>! Accordingly, if a sentenceconsists of two clauses, it must have two predicates; three clauses must havethree predicates, which are combined with some conjunctions. The presence of anobject or an adverb in a sentence is very optional.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are twokinds of conjunction; (1) coordinating conjunction and (2) subordinatingconjunctions. The first is to be used in the compound sentence, such as; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">and</i>, while, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">but</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">on</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the other hand</i>, etc., and second is tobe used in the complex sentence, such as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">if</i>,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">because</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">although</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">unless</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">before</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">after</i>, etc.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">Example:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">The predicates are bold-typed, and the conjunctionsare between brackets (…). Some predicates take the verbs which are incombination with other verb; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">try tofinish</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">want to</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">have</i>, etc.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Compound sentence</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Some students always <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">come</b> on time (while) the others often <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">come</b> late.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Some students always <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">try to finish</b> the jobs on time (and) submit them to their teachersas soon as possible.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The class always begins at 7:00 AM (and) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">finishes</b> at 1:30 PM.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>They teachers <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">have announced</b> the schedule of the exam (but) the students <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">don’t want</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">to have</b> it today.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Complex sentence</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>All students <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">have to come</b> before 7:00 (because) the classes <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">begin</b> at 7:00.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>All students <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">have to come</b> on time (although) sometimes their teachers <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">come</b> late.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>(Before) the teachers <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">enter</b> the classrooms, all students <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">have to be ready</b> with their books on the tables.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(After)all students<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> leave</b> the school, thegate <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">is safely closed</b> by the schoolguardian.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Some complexsentences are structured with some adjective clauses. For this purpose,relative conjunctions such as; who, which, that, where, when, and why areemployed. The predicates are bold-typed, and the adjective clauses are betweenbrackets (…). Some predicates take the passive verbs.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The students (who come late) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">will not be</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">allowed</b> to enter the classroom.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The classrooms (that are still being renovated) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">can not be used</b> to have the classactivity.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The parking lot (which is located in thebackyard)<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> is</b> large enough.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The library (where all students can enjoyreading books and newspaper) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">is</b> verycomfortable enough.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Friday (when students have shorter studyinghours)<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> is </b>the most tiring day.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The main reason (why some students come late) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">is</b> the distance. Their houses arelocated too far away and the public transports are not very good. </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Phrase</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">There are a noun phrase, a verb phrase, an adjectivephrase and an adverb phrase. Of them, it is only the noun phrase which is themost complicated in the formation and most frequently used. Phrase is thecombination of two words or more, of which one become the head and the orderbecomes the modifier. Noun phrase has a noun as the head, and the modifier thatcomes before the head usually takes the ‘adjective’, while the modifier thatcomes after the head usually takes the ‘adverb’.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">Example:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">The heads are bold-typed. The modifiers that comebefore the head are called pre-modifiers and they are adjectives or adjectivephrases.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Students<span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span>:noun word</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Diligent <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">students</b><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>:noun phrase</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Very diligent <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">students</b><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>:noun phrase</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The most diligent <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">student</b><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:noun phrase</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>One of the most diligent<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> students</b><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: nounphrase</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">The modifiersthat come after the head are called post-modifiers, and they usually take theforms of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">adverb phrases</i>.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Students</b>from central Java<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:noun phrase</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Students</b>in the front yard<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:noun phrase</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Students</b>in the library<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>:noun phrase</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Students</b>in the uniforms<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:noun phrase</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Somebooks</b> to study<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>:noun phrase</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Someplaces of interest</b> to visit<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:noun phrase</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">A noun phrasecan be a little longer as we combine pre-modifiers and post modifiersaltogether with a head.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>One of the most diligent <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">students</b> in the uniforms</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The cleverest <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">student</b> from Central Java</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Some interesting <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">books</b> to borrow from the library</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">In a sentence,the position of a noun phrase can be as the subject OR the object of thesentence. It can also be a complement after the predicate that takes the formof ‘be’ or ‘auxiliary’.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Example:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">The predicatesare bold-type. The noun phrase right before the predicate is the subject andthe noun phrase right after the transitive predicate is the object of thesentence. While the phrase that comes right after the transitive predicate canbe a noun phrase, an adjective phrase or an adverbial phrase.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>One of the most diligent students in theuniforms <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">is</b> Diva Castella.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>One of the most diligent students in myclassroom<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> comes</b> from a happy family.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The cleverest student from Central java <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">is</b> Keisha Empira.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Some journalist <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">plan to interview</b> the cleverest students at my school next week.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Mrs. Nanny <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">is</b>one of the most generous teaches at my school.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>She <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">willgive</b> a post test to all students next week.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>All students <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">have to submit</b> their observation reports on Monday next week.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">In addition tonoun phrase which is considered to be the most complicated and most frequentlyused in most sentences, adjective phrase and adverbial phrase are also verycommon to be found there. The head of an adjective phrase is an adjective, andthe head of adverbial phrase is an adverb.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Example:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">The heads inthe following adjective phrases are bold-type. The pre-modifiers of adjectivephrases are adverbs, and some articles such as ‘a’ or ‘the’.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The most <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">diligent</b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>One of the most <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">generous</b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Really <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">optimistic</b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Very <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">beautiful</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">To be moremeaningful, some adjective phrases become the pre-modifiers of noun phrases.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Example:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">The heads ofthese noun phrases are bold-typed.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The most diligent <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">student</b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>One of the most generous <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">teacher</b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The really optimistic young <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">man</b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The very beautiful <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">girl</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Example:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Adverb phrasesare usually the combination of some preposition and nouns to show place ortimes or purpose. Therefore, the heads of adverb phrases are prepositions. Theheads of the following adverb phrases are bold-type.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">In</b>the classroom (place)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">In</b> thelibrary (place)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Before</b>7:00 AM (time)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">To</b>school (place)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">To</b>study English (purpose)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Under</b>the tree (purpose)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Clause</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">There are several clause which have been popularlyrecognized; (1) noun clause, (2) adjective clause and (3) adverbial clause. Aclause is the combination of words or phrases, of which one of them has thefunction as the subject and the order one has the function as the predicate.Therefore, a clause must have a subject and a predicate. The presence of anobject in a clause is optional because it depends on whether the verb that isused as the predicate is transitive or intransitive.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">Example:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">The predicates are bold-typed.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Students (word)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Diligent students (phrase)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Some of the diligent students (phrase)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Some of the diligent students <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">are</b> in the classroom now. (clause)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The diligent students <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">always come</b> to school on time. (clause)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The diligent students <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">always bring</b> dictionaries to every English class. (clause)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Noun clause isa clause that has the function as a noun. Therefore in a sentence it can beused as the subject of as the object. The use of a question word such as; what,who, why, where, when and how is very common to show that part is a nounclause.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Example:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">The predicatesare bold-type. The noun clauses that function as the subject are underlined.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><u>What the diligent students do during theirbreak time</u> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">is</b> to read some booksin the library.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><u>Why the students often come late</u> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">has been reported</b> to the studentcommittee.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><u>When the students have to go on vacation</u> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">has been discussed</b> by the teachers.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><u>Where the students eat lunch in their breaktimes </u><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">should be confirmed</b> to theschool management.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><u>What R’Lian really needs now</u> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">is to read</b> more about the genre-basedwriting.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Example:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">The predicatesare bold-type. The noun clauses as the objects are underlined.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The student committee <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">really wants to know</b> <u>why a lot of students always come late</u>.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The teachers <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">need to know</b> <u>what the students have done during their holiday</u>.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The students <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">asked</b> <u>where they would go on vacation this year</u>.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The lectures <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">have got</b> <u>what the students have made in their reports</u>.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The students have <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">reported</b> <u>when they finished their reports</u>.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The students have <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">to understand </b><u>how they have to complete the test</u>.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Adjectiveclause is a clause that has the function as an adjective. Therefore, thisclause has the role as the modifier in a noun phrase. In a sentence, anadjective clause has the function to modify the subject or the object, or anyother nouns. It always comes after the subject or the object, or the noun thatis modified. The subject or object is combined with an adjective clause as themodifier by using a relative conjunction such as; that, which, and who. It is veryoften, the question word such as; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">why,where, when</i>, and how are also used as the relative conjunctions.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Example:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">The predicatesare bold-typed. The adjective clauses that modify the subjects in the followingsentences are underlined.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The university <u>where R’Lian goes to</u> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">is</b> one of the best universities inCentral Java.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The parking lot <u>which is located in front ofthe building</u> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">is</b> comfortable andsafe enough.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Vitun Zaujien <u>who is well known a veryenergetic lecturer</u> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">always comes</b>to class on time.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The computer lab <u>that is placed on the thirdfloor</u><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> is</b> large enough.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The place <u>where the students eat lunch</u> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">serves</b> different kinds of cooks incheap prices.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The reason <u>why the text is delayed</u> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">has been announced</b> to students.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Example:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">The predicatesare bold-typed. The objective clauses that modify the objects or any othernouns in the following sentences are underlined.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>During the break time, many students <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">rush</b> to the place <u>where they canalways have cheap cooks but delicious</u>.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Vitum Zaujien <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">really needs to know</b> the main reason <u>why many students haven’tfinished their reports.</u></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>All student <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">haveto understand</b> the direction <u>how they have to do the test</u>.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The students <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">will have got</b> the result of the test <u>that they have done</u> infive days.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Some student <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">often go</b> to the library, <u>which is located in the center of themain building</u>, in their break time.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Adverb clause</i> is a clause that has thefunction as an adverb. As an adverb, this clause has the function to giveinformation about <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">time, purpose, reason,condition</i>, etc. the use of a adverb clause is marked with the use of aconjunction such as; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">before, after, inorder that</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">because, if</i>, etc.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Example:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Many student <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">don’t do</b> the homework <u>because they don’t understand how to do it</u>.(reason)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Some students <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">often come</b> late <u>because they live far away from their university</u>.(reason)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Most students <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">have come</b> in the classroom <u>before their lecturer comes</u>.(time)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><u>After the students finish their semester test</u>,they <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">usually have</b> a vacation together.(time)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><u>If the lecturers don’t make strict rules</u>,students <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">will tend to ignore</b> theirhome task. (condition)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><u>In order that all students<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>do their home tasks affectively</u>, thelectures <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">always motivate</b> them andcheck the jobs regularly. (purpose) </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Sentences</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A sentence</i>is actually a clause. It is the combination of word, phrases of which at leastone part of them has the position as the subject, and the order one as thepredicate. It is usually opened with a capital letter and ended with a fullstop. As it is popularly taken for granted, there are three kinds of sentences;(1) simple sentence, (2) compound sentence and (3) complex sentence.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">Simple sentence is a sentence of a single clause.Therefore, it has only one subject and one predicate. If the predicate takesthe form of transitive verb, it must be followed an object. On the other hand,if the predicate is intransitive verb, it must be followed by either ; (1) anoun or a noun phrases, (2) an objective or an adjective phrase, or (3) anadverb or an adverb phrases.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">Example:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">The predicates are bold-typed.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The class always <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">begins</b> at 7:00 AM</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>All students <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">have to be </b>in the classroom on time</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The students <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">cannot do</b> the homework in the classroom</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>To join the English class, they <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">have to bring</b> their own dictionaries.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Compoundsentence is a sentence of two independent clauses or more. The clauses arecombined by using the appropriate coordinating conjunctions, such as; but, and,or, on the other hand, while, semicolon (;), etc. As it consists of more andone independent clauses, the sentence has more than one predicated.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Example:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">The predicateare bold-typed. The conjunctions are underlined.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The class always <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">begins</b> at 7:00 AM and it <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">finishes</b>before 2:00 PM</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>All students <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">have to be</b> in the classroom on time or they <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">will not be allowed</b> to join the class.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The student <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">cannotdo</b> the homework in the classroom; they <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">haveto do</b> it at home or outside of the classroom.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>To join the English class, they <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">have to bring</b> their own dictionaries, <u>but</u>they <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">can also</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">borrow</b> them from the library.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Some students <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">are very diligent</b> <u>and</u> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">alwayscome</b> on time; <u>on the order hand </u>some others <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">often come</b> late and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">neverfinish</b> their homework on time.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Complex sentence</i> is a sentence of twoclauses or more, of which one of them becomes the main clause or independentclause. The sub-clause or dependent clause can be an adjective clause or anadverb clause.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Example:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">The predicatesare bold-typed, and the sub-clauses in the following sentences, eitheradjective clauses or adverb clause, are underlined.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The class <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">willnot begin</b> <u>before the students have safely got their own seats</u>.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The old English classroom, <u>which is stillbeing renovated</u>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">cannot be used tohave</b> a teaching and learning process.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The library <u>that is placed in the center ofthe main building</u> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">is comfortableenough</b> for the student to study.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><u>After the exam is over</u>, the students <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">usually plan to have</b> a vacation to someplaces of interest.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><u>Although R’lian doesn’t often come to someclasses</u>, she <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">can always do</b> ifthe test very well.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>All students <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">will have</b> better preparation <u>if the writing test is given at theend of this month</u>.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">A text consistsof at least one sentence, because a sentence has got complete thought. It canbe a simple sentence or complex one.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Example:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">The text bellowis about R’Lian’s routine. The predicates are bold-typed.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">“Sunday is mybusiest day, but I always love to have it.”</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">The sentenceabove has got a complete thought; it is about a busy day and a mental statementthat the day is always loved. The text, however, doesn’t have a clearcommunicative purpose. What does the writer really wants to tell about with thatsentence? Therefore, In order that the communicative purpose is clear, a numberof interconnected or interwoven sentences need to be used in it. By this, theflow of thought is expected to run effectively, from one sentence into otherones that follow.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Example:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">The Predicatesare bold-typed.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">“Sunday <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">is</b> my busiest day, but I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">always love</b> to have it. In that day I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">always get up</b> early in the morningaround 4:30 AM. After I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">finish</b> mymorning prayer, I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">jog</b> around mysmall village with some friends for an hour. Then, I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">come</b> home and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">begin to clean</b>the house. I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">take</b> around 30 minutesto clean the house. My mother <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">alwayscooks</b> late on Sunday. She <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">always</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">asks</b> me to take her to the marketnearby for some vegetables, rice and meat. Around 9:00 AM, I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">begin to wash</b> my clothes and my motherbegins cooking. I always have a lot of clothes to wash, and this <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">makes</b> my really very tired. Washing <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">is</b> really boring for me but I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">always do</b> it every Sunday. Around10:30, my mother <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">has finished</b>cooking and we <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">usually have</b>breakfast together, or it is a branch rather than a breakfast; late breakfastand too early lunch. As soon as I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">finish</b>my breakfast, I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">do</b> the homework forthe Monday’s classes. It <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">takes</b>around two hours, and then I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">take</b> arest. I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">always do</b> ironing my clothesin the afternoon. I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">really don’t like</b>this job actually, but I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">have to enjoy</b>it because nobody <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">does</b> it for me. It<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">takes</b> more than an hour just to ironall my clothes. Sunday is tiring but so fun that I really love it. It is tiringfor me because I have lots to do. I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">reallylove</b> it because in that day I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">can</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">always meet</b> and talk with my nieces,nephews, and cousins and of course my parents.”</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">If seen fromthe writer’s mod, there are several types of sentence with different mood; (1)declarative, (2) questions, (3) imperative and (4) exclamatory. Declarative isused when we mean to given information, question is used to ask forinformation, imperative sentence is used to ask someone to do things, andexclamatory sentence is used to express an admiration or sympathy.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Example:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">The predicatesare bold-typed.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Declarative</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>R’Lian <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">alwayscomes</b> on time</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>She <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">neverforgets</b> to eat breakfast before leaving the house</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>She<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> is</b>always faithful to her fiance</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Question</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Is</b>Castella also a kind of obedient girl?</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Does</b>she <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">study</b> hard at home every day?</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>What does she eat for her breakfast in the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">morning</b>? </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Imperative</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Read</b>the books I have told</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Don’t eat</b>too many eggs in a day or you will have a skin problem</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jog</b>for at least 30 minutes in the morning to keep your body fit.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Exclamatory </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>what a nice girl, Keisha<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> is</b>!</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>What a good job you <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">have done</b>!</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>How nice! (to live in a comfortable house)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Paragraph</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">While a sentence is a combination of word and phrasesthat expresses a complete thought, a paragraph is combination of a number ofinterrelated, interconnected or interwoven sentences that bring a specific communicativepurpose. A text may consist of a number of interconnected paragraphs, and eachparagraph brings a specific communicative purpose. If within a text there arefour paragraphs, then they should be interconnected to each other to guaranteethe effective flow of thought from one paragraph to the order that follows.Conjunctions and transition signals are very useful to help interconnectbetween sentences and paragraphs.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">By using a number of interconnected sentences to runthe writer’s thoughts, a text is realized not only in the interconnectedsentences, but also it needs to be developed into a kind of text type; using aspecific rhetorical structure of a specific genre. Therefore, the sentences inthe text above can be separated into several paragraphs.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">Example:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">The predicates are bold-typed.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">Sunday is my busiest day, but I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">always love</b> to have it.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">In that day I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">alwaysget up</b> early in the morning around 4:30 AM. After <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">finish</b> my morning prayer, I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">jog</b>around my small village with some friends for an hour. Then, I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">come</b> home and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">begin to clean</b> the house. It <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">takes</b>around 30 minutes to clean the house. My mother <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">always</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">cooks</b> late onSunday. She <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">always asks</b> me to takeher to the market nearby for some vegetables, rice and meat.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">Around 9:00AM, I begin to wash my clothes and mymother <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">begins</b> cooking. I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">always have</b> a lot of clothes to wash,and this <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">makes</b> me really very tired.Washing is really boring for me but I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">alwaysdo</b> it very Sunday. Around 10:30, my mother <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">has finished</b> cooking and we <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">usuallyhave</b> breakfast together, or it is a branch rather that a breakfast; latebreakfast and too early lunch.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">As soon as I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">finish</b>my breakfast, I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">do</b> the homework forthe Monday’s classes. It <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">takes</b>around two hours, and then I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">take</b> arest. I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">always do</b> ironing my clothesin the afternoon. I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">really don’t like</b>this job actually, but I have to enjoy it because nobody <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">does</b> it for me. It <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">takes</b>more than an hour just to iron all my clothes.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">Sunday <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">is</b>tiring but so fun that I really love it. It is tiring for me because I havelots to do. I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">really love</b> it becausein that day I <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">can always meet</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">talk</b> with my nieces, nephews, andcousins and of course my parents.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">If seen from the sight of a communicative purpose, itis a type of a description in which the writer tries to give enough informationabout why Sunday is so tiring and why the writer loves it. One of thecharacteristics of a descriptive text is that it uses some words that tellabout qualities, numbers, sizes, and adverbs or frequency.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Property</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">If seen from theappearance, a text has the so called ‘ingredients’ as it has been exposedabove, while from the sight of ‘substances’, a text has included a specific ofcommunicative purpose, of which the information is exposed in severalparagraphs under a specific rhetorical structure of a typical genre, using theappropriate language patterns or linguistic terms.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Communicative Purpose</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">A text is written because it has specificcommunicative purpose. The writer has a purpose in mind in writing, such as;(1) to describe something, (2) to explain something or phenomena, (3) to tell astory of the past event, (4) to inform about the past activities, (5) to tell abouta procedure of completing a job, (6) to expose an arguments, (7) to discuss asocial problem and then to recommend something,(8) to report the hot news ofthe day, (9) to review the quality of some books or other work of arts, etc.Therefore, the most important thing to keep in mind while preparing to write isnot about how to make sentence, but the most important one to keep in mind isabout what information to be realized in sentences. Writing is actually aboutrealizing meanings; the realization of the writer’s ideas or information insentences. It is not about composing sentences. As a text has its own purpose,each text has to be made according to a specific rhetorical structure of aspecific genre.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">As popularly been known, there are several genres tobe used as a frame of references in writing texts.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>A genre of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">descriptive</b>text is to be used if we need to describe things.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>A genre of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">narrative</b>text is to be used if we need to tell about a problematic event of the past.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>A genre of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">recount</b>is to be used if we need to inform the readers about the past activities.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>A genre of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">procedure</b>is to be used as a frame of reference if we mean to tell about the steps to door to accomplish a job.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A genre of<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">explanation</b> report is to be used ifwe mean to explain how a phenomenon occurs, the process of formation, etc.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>A genre of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">information</b>report is to be used when we mean to inform the reader about an importantthing, or phenomenon in order to increase the knowledge.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>A genre of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">newsitem</b> is to be used if we mean to write a report of the hot news the day. Ajournalist often uses this type of text.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>A genre of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">exposition</b>is to be used if we mean to expose our arguments in response to a certainproblem or phenomenon in the society.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>A genre of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">discussion</b>is to be used if we mean to discuss a social problem in order to recommend anaction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Communicativepurpose is related to using a specific genre. Therefore, an understanding aboutgenre is really recommended to every student of university. The nation of genrerecommends that a text is to be written with a specific purpose in specificrhetorical structure and all the information is to be realized in the use ofappropriate sentences or grammatical.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Rhetorical Structure</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">As writing is about realizing meanings or informationin sentences, and it is not merely about composing words into paragraphs,paragraphs into sentences, a text must be written with a specific purpose. Asit has a communicative purpose; to be effective for the readers to receive theinformation, a text must be made in a specific rhetorical structure. For adifferent communicative purpose, the text is to be made in a differentrhetorical structure, too. Read the book entitled ‘sure! Writing Acquisition 1,2, 3’, published by Muhammadiyah University Press of Surakarta.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">The notion of rhetoric is how the flow of thought orinformation is to be wrapped chronologically, which is widely accepted bypublic or the society of the related field. The rhetorical structure of a descriptivetext, of which the purpose is to describe an object, is to be made differentfrom the rhetorical structure of recount text. If we make them in the similarrhetoric, other people will laugh at us. They will think that we are ‘idiots’because we don’t care for the rules of frame of reference or genre. A type ofrhetoric is expressed in some text elements, such as:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Narrative, has the elements of:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Orientation</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Description of problematic event</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Description of resolution of the problem</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>coda</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Recount, has the elements of:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Orientation</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Description of record of activities</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Re-orientation</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Descriptive, has the elements of:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Identification</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>description</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Procedure, has the elements of:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Statement of a purpose to accomplish</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>The description of steps to accomplish</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Explanation, has the elements of:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>General statement of a phenomenon</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Description of the process how the phenomenonoccurs</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Exposition, has the elements of:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Thesis</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Sequence of arguments</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Summing up or justification</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Discussion, has the elements of:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>General statement of a social event</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Description of supporting arguments (argumentsfor)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Description of declining arguments (argumentsagainst)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Linguistic Realization</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">In addition to having a specific purpose and specificrhetorical structure, all the information to be conveyed to the readers is tobe realized through the use of appropriate grammatical patterns. The choice ofverbs and the use of mood and mood type should be in line with the kind ofinformation to be conveyed.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>If we mean to inform about the activities thatwe did on the last weekend, we have to chose a recount text a frame ofreference, then we have to stick to the rhetorical structures of the recounttext, of which it has three major elements; Orientation, description of recordsof events and re-orientation, and the information about the events is to bemade through the use of appropriate verbs, tenses, adjectives, adverbs, andother functional words.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>If we mean to tell about what a city or hometownis like, then we are recommended to choose a descriptive text as a frame ofreference, instead of recount or narrative.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">If seen fromthe linguistic point of view, each sentence that is made has at least two kindsof meaning; (1) ideational meaning and (2) interpersonal meaning. Ideationalmeaning is the meaning of reality; this meaning is reflected in the choice anduse of verbs in predicate. Interpersonal meaning is the meaning from the pointof the writer’s mood, which is usually very personal. This meaning is reflectedin the choice and the use of ‘the subject’, the finite, the modality and themood adjuncts to be used in the sentences.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In relation to the ideational meaning, we haveto be familiar with diction; the choice and use of the appropriate verbs. Whyis that so? Because, the most important point about a sentence is thepredicate. Therefore, the appropriate use of verb is really recommended. ‘LOVE’cannot be changed into ‘HATE’. To help you understand better, nothing moreaffective to do than to read lots more books. Ideational meaning is theobjective meaning; it is the meaning of the world.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">In relation tothe interpersonal meaning, we have to be familiar with MOOD: what the writer’sreally mean in mind by saying or writing something. Therefore, this is the kindof meaning is very subjective. It is the meaning of the writer’s mind. Thismeaning is realized in the use of subject. When the writer means himself, thenhe will use ‘I’, on the other hand, when the writer means someone else, such asR’Lian, then he will use ‘R’Lian’ or ‘She’. This meaning is also realized inthe use of finite or tense. When the writer means something in the past, hewill use ‘past tense’; for something at present, he will use ‘present tense’.This meaning is also realized trough the use of modal, such as; will, must,may, should, could, can, etc. , and modal adjuncts, such as, always, usually,often, really, frankly, suddenly, etc.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Personally, seethe difference of in meaning in the following sentences.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>R’Lian stays at home on Sunday.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>R’Lianalways stays at home on Sunday.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>R’Lian sometimes stays home on Sunday.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>R’Lian cannot stay at home on Sunday.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>R’Lian will always stay at home on Sunday.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>R’Lian may stay at home on Sunday.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>R’Lian stayed at hone on Sunday 9last week).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Having betterunderstanding about the ‘ingredients’ and the ‘property’ of a text, it isexpected that student will be helped write better.</div>Sainshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00656086922242865228noreply@blogger.com0